pgcopydb copy
pgcopydb copy - Implement the data section of the database copy
This command prefixes the following sub-commands:
pgcopydb copy
db Copy an entire database from source to target
roles Copy the roles from the source instance to the target instance
extensions Copy the extensions from the source instance to the target instance
schema Copy the database schema from source to target
data Copy the data section from source to target
table-data Copy the data from all tables in database from source to target
blobs Copy the blob data from the source database to the target
sequences Copy the current value from all sequences in database from source to target
indexes Create all the indexes found in the source database in the target
constraints Create all the constraints found in the source database in the target
Those commands implement a part of the whole database copy operation as detailed in section pgcopydb clone. Only use those commands to debug a specific part, or because you know that you just want to implement that step.
Warning
Using the pgcopydb clone command is strongly advised.
This mode of operations is useful for debugging and advanced use cases only.
pgcopydb copy db
pgcopydb copy db - Copy an entire database from source to target
The command pgcopydb copy db is an alias for pgcopydb clone. See
also pgcopydb clone.
pgcopydb copy db: Copy an entire database from source to target
usage: pgcopydb copy db --source ... --target ... [ --table-jobs ... --index-jobs ... ]
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
--table-jobs Number of concurrent COPY jobs to run
--index-jobs Number of concurrent CREATE INDEX jobs to run
--drop-if-exists On the target database, clean-up from a previous run first
--roles Also copy roles found on source to target
--no-owner Do not set ownership of objects to match the original database
--no-acl Prevent restoration of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).
--no-comments Do not output commands to restore comments
--skip-large-objects Skip copying large objects (blobs)
--filters <filename> Use the filters defined in <filename>
--restart Allow restarting when temp files exist already
--resume Allow resuming operations after a failure
--not-consistent Allow taking a new snapshot on the source database
--snapshot Use snapshot obtained with pg_export_snapshot
pgcopydb copy roles
pgcopydb copy roles - Copy the roles from the source instance to the target instance
The command pgcopydb copy roles implements both
pgcopydb dump roles and then pgcopydb restore roles.
pgcopydb copy roles: Copy the roles from the source instance to the target instance
usage: pgcopydb copy roles --source ... --target ...
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
--no-role-passwords Do not dump passwords for roles
Note
In Postgres, roles are a global object. This means roles do not belong to
any specific database, and as a result, even when the pgcopydb tool
otherwise works only in the context of a specific database, this command
is not limited to roles that are used within a single database.
When a role already exists on the target database, its restoring is entirely
skipped, which includes skipping both the CREATE ROLE and the ALTER
ROLE commands produced by pg_dumpall --roles-only.
The pg_dumpall --roles-only is used to fetch the list of roles from the
source database, and this command includes support for passwords. As a
result, this operation requires the superuser privileges.
pgcopydb copy extensions
pgcopydb copy extensions - Copy the extensions from the source instance to the target instance
The command pgcopydb copy extensions gets a list of the extensions
installed on the source database, and for each of them run the SQL command
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS.
pgcopydb copy extensions: Copy the extensions from the source instance to the target instance
usage: pgcopydb copy extensions --source ... --target ...
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
When copying extensions, this command also takes care of copying any Extension Configuration Tables user-data to the target database.
pgcopydb copy schema
pgcopydb copy schema - Copy the database schema from source to target
The command pgcopydb copy schema implements the schema only section of
the clone steps.
pgcopydb copy schema: Copy the database schema from source to target
usage: pgcopydb copy schema --source ... --target ... [ --table-jobs ... --index-jobs ... ]
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
--filters <filename> Use the filters defined in <filename>
--restart Allow restarting when temp files exist already
--resume Allow resuming operations after a failure
--not-consistent Allow taking a new snapshot on the source database
--snapshot Use snapshot obtained with pg_export_snapshot
pgcopydb copy data
pgcopydb copy data - Copy the data section from source to target
The command pgcopydb copy data implements the data section of the clone
steps.
pgcopydb copy data: Copy the data section from source to target
usage: pgcopydb copy data --source ... --target ... [ --table-jobs ... --index-jobs ... ]
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
--table-jobs Number of concurrent COPY jobs to run
--index-jobs Number of concurrent CREATE INDEX jobs to run
--drop-if-exists On the target database, clean-up from a previous run first
--no-owner Do not set ownership of objects to match the original database
--skip-large-objects Skip copying large objects (blobs)
--restart Allow restarting when temp files exist already
--resume Allow resuming operations after a failure
--not-consistent Allow taking a new snapshot on the source database
--snapshot Use snapshot obtained with pg_export_snapshot
Note
The current command line has both the commands pgcopydb copy
table-data and pgcopydb copy data, which are looking quite similar
but implement different steps. Be careful for now. This will change
later.
The pgcopydb copy data command implements the following steps:
$ pgcopydb copy table-data
$ pgcopydb copy blobs
$ pgcopydb copy indexes
$ pgcopydb copy constraints
$ pgcopydb copy sequences
$ vacuumdb -z
Those steps are actually done concurrently to one another when that’s
possible, in the same way as the main command pgcopydb clone would.
The only difference is that the pgcopydb clone command also prepares
and finishes the schema parts of the operations (pre-data, then post-data),
which the pgcopydb copy data command ignores.
pgcopydb copy table-data
pgcopydb copy table-data - Copy the data from all tables in database from source to target
The command pgcopydb copy table-data fetches the list of tables from the
source database and runs a COPY TO command on the source database and sends
the result to the target database using a COPY FROM command directly,
avoiding disks entirely.
pgcopydb copy table-data: Copy the data from all tables in database from source to target
usage: pgcopydb copy table-data --source ... --target ... [ --table-jobs ... --index-jobs ... ]
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
--table-jobs Number of concurrent COPY jobs to run
--restart Allow restarting when temp files exist already
--resume Allow resuming operations after a failure
--not-consistent Allow taking a new snapshot on the source database
--snapshot Use snapshot obtained with pg_export_snapshot
pgcopydb copy blobs
pgcopydb copy blobs - Copy the blob data from ther source database to the target
The command pgcopydb copy blobs fetches list of large objects (aka
blobs) from the source database and copies their data parts to the target
database. By default the command assumes that the large objects metadata
have already been taken care of, because of the behaviour of
pg_dump --section=pre-data.
pgcopydb copy blobs: Copy the blob data from ther source database to the target
usage: pgcopydb copy blobs --source ... --target ...
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
--large-objects-jobs Number of concurrent Large Objects jobs to run
--drop-if-exists On the target database, drop and create large objects
--restart Allow restarting when temp files exist already
--resume Allow resuming operations after a failure
--not-consistent Allow taking a new snapshot on the source database
--snapshot Use snapshot obtained with pg_export_snapshot
pgcopydb copy sequences
pgcopydb copy sequences - Copy the current value from all sequences in database from source to target
The command pgcopydb copy sequences fetches the list of sequences from
the source database, then for each sequence fetches the last_value and
is_called properties the same way pg_dump would on the source database,
and then for each sequence call pg_catalog.setval() on the target
database.
pgcopydb copy sequences: Copy the current value from all sequences in database from source to target
usage: pgcopydb copy sequences --source ... --target ... [ --table-jobs ... --index-jobs ... ]
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
--restart Allow restarting when temp files exist already
--resume Allow resuming operations after a failure
--not-consistent Allow taking a new snapshot on the source database
pgcopydb copy indexes
pgcopydb copy indexes - Create all the indexes found in the source database in the target
The command pgcopydb copy indexes fetches the list of indexes from the
source database and runs each index CREATE INDEX statement on the target
database. The statements for the index definitions are modified to include
IF NOT EXISTS and allow for skipping indexes that already exist on the
target database.
pgcopydb copy indexes: Create all the indexes found in the source database in the target
usage: pgcopydb copy indexes --source ... --target ... [ --table-jobs ... --index-jobs ... ]
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
--index-jobs Number of concurrent CREATE INDEX jobs to run
--restart Allow restarting when temp files exist already
--resume Allow resuming operations after a failure
--not-consistent Allow taking a new snapshot on the source database
pgcopydb copy constraints
pgcopydb copy constraints - Create all the constraints found in the source database in the target
The command pgcopydb copy constraints fetches the list of indexes from
the source database and runs each index ALTER TABLE … ADD CONSTRAINT …
USING INDEX statement on the target database.
The indexes must already exist, and the command will fail if any constraint is found existing already on the target database.
pgcopydb copy indexes: Create all the indexes found in the source database in the target
usage: pgcopydb copy indexes --source ... --target ... [ --table-jobs ... --index-jobs ... ]
--source Postgres URI to the source database
--target Postgres URI to the target database
--dir Work directory to use
--restart Allow restarting when temp files exist already
--resume Allow resuming operations after a failure
--not-consistent Allow taking a new snapshot on the source data
Description
These commands allow implementing a specific step of the pgcopydb operations at a time. It’s useful mainly for debugging purposes, though some advanced and creative usage can be made from the commands.
The target schema is not created, so it needs to have been taken care of first. It is possible to use the commands pgcopydb dump schema and then pgcopydb restore pre-data to prepare your target database.
To implement the same operations as a pgcopydb clone command would,
use the following recipe:
$ export PGCOPYDB_SOURCE_PGURI="postgres://user@source/dbname"
$ export PGCOPYDB_TARGET_PGURI="postgres://user@target/dbname"
$ pgcopydb dump schema
$ pgcopydb restore pre-data --resume --not-consistent
$ pgcopydb copy table-data --resume --not-consistent
$ pgcopydb copy sequences --resume --not-consistent
$ pgcopydb copy indexes --resume --not-consistent
$ pgcopydb copy constraints --resume --not-consistent
$ vacuumdb -z
$ pgcopydb restore post-data --resume --not-consistent
The main pgcopydb clone is still better at concurrency than doing
those steps manually, as it will create the indexes for any given table as
soon as the table-data section is finished, without having to wait until the
last table-data has been copied over. Same applies to constraints, and then
vacuum analyze.
Options
The following options are available to pgcopydb copy sub-commands:
- --source
Connection string to the source Postgres instance. See the Postgres documentation for connection strings for the details. In short both the quoted form
"host=... dbname=..."and the URI formpostgres://user@host:5432/dbnameare supported.- --target
Connection string to the target Postgres instance.
- --dir
During its normal operations pgcopydb creates a lot of temporary files to track sub-processes progress. Temporary files are created in the directory location given by this option, or defaults to
${TMPDIR}/pgcopydbwhen the environment variable is set, or then to/tmp/pgcopydb.- --no-role-passwords
Do not dump passwords for roles. When restored, roles will have a null password, and password authentication will always fail until the password is set. Since password values aren’t needed when this option is specified, the role information is read from the catalog view pg_roles instead of pg_authid. Therefore, this option also helps if access to pg_authid is restricted by some security policy.
- --table-jobs
How many tables can be processed in parallel.
This limit only applies to the COPY operations, more sub-processes will be running at the same time that this limit while the CREATE INDEX operations are in progress, though then the processes are only waiting for the target Postgres instance to do all the work.
- --index-jobs
How many indexes can be built in parallel, globally. A good option is to set this option to the count of CPU cores that are available on the Postgres target system, minus some cores that are going to be used for handling the COPY operations.
- --large-object-jobs
How many worker processes to start to copy Large Objects concurrently.
- --split-tables-larger-than
Allow Same-table Concurrency when processing the source database. This environment variable value is expected to be a byte size, and bytes units B, kB, MB, GB, TB, PB, and EB are known.
- --skip-large-objects
Skip copying large objects, also known as blobs, when copying the data from the source database to the target database.
- --restart
When running the pgcopydb command again, if the work directory already contains information from a previous run, then the command refuses to proceed and delete information that might be used for diagnostics and forensics.
In that case, the
--restartoption can be used to allow pgcopydb to delete traces from a previous run.- --resume
When the pgcopydb command was terminated before completion, either by an interrupt signal (such as C-c or SIGTERM) or because it crashed, it is possible to resume the database migration.
When resuming activity from a previous run, table data that was fully copied over to the target server is not sent again. Table data that was interrupted during the COPY has to be started from scratch even when using
--resume: the COPY command in Postgres is transactional and was rolled back.Same reasonning applies to the CREATE INDEX commands and ALTER TABLE commands that pgcopydb issues, those commands are skipped on a
--resumerun only if known to have run through to completion on the previous one.Finally, using
--resumerequires the use of--not-consistent.- --not-consistent
In order to be consistent, pgcopydb exports a Postgres snapshot by calling the pg_export_snapshot() function on the source database server. The snapshot is then re-used in all the connections to the source database server by using the
SET TRANSACTION SNAPSHOTcommand.Per the Postgres documentation about
pg_export_snapshot:Saves the transaction’s current snapshot and returns a text string identifying the snapshot. This string must be passed (outside the database) to clients that want to import the snapshot. The snapshot is available for import only until the end of the transaction that exported it.
Now, when the pgcopydb process was interrupted (or crashed) on a previous run, it is possible to resume operations, but the snapshot that was exported does not exists anymore. The pgcopydb command can only resume operations with a new snapshot, and thus can not ensure consistency of the whole data set, because each run is now using their own snapshot.
- --snapshot
Instead of exporting its own snapshot by calling the PostgreSQL function
pg_export_snapshot()it is possible for pgcopydb to re-use an already exported snapshot.- --verbose
Increase current verbosity. The default level of verbosity is INFO. In ascending order pgcopydb knows about the following verbosity levels: FATAL, ERROR, WARN, INFO, NOTICE, DEBUG, TRACE.
- --debug
Set current verbosity to DEBUG level.
- --trace
Set current verbosity to TRACE level.
- --quiet
Set current verbosity to ERROR level.
Environment
PGCOPYDB_SOURCE_PGURI
Connection string to the source Postgres instance. When
--sourceis ommitted from the command line, then this environment variable is used.
PGCOPYDB_TARGET_PGURI
Connection string to the target Postgres instance. When
--targetis ommitted from the command line, then this environment variable is used.
PGCOPYDB_TABLE_JOBS
Number of concurrent jobs allowed to run COPY operations in parallel. When
--table-jobsis ommitted from the command line, then this environment variable is used.
PGCOPYDB_INDEX_JOBS
Number of concurrent jobs allowed to run CREATE INDEX operations in parallel. When
--index-jobsis ommitted from the command line, then this environment variable is used.
PGCOPYDB_LARGE_OBJECTS_JOBS
Number of concurrent jobs allowed to copy Large Objects data in parallel. When
--large-objects-jobsis ommitted from the command line, then this environment variable is used.
PGCOPYDB_SPLIT_TABLES_LARGER_THAN
Allow Same-table Concurrency when processing the source database. This environment variable value is expected to be a byte size, and bytes units B, kB, MB, GB, TB, PB, and EB are known.
When
--split-tables-larger-thanis ommitted from the command line, then this environment variable is used.
PGCOPYDB_DROP_IF_EXISTS
When true (or yes, or on, or 1, same input as a Postgres boolean) then pgcopydb uses the pg_restore options
--clean --if-existswhen creating the schema on the target Postgres instance.
PGCOPYDB_SNAPSHOT
Postgres snapshot identifier to re-use, see also
--snapshot.
TMPDIR
The pgcopydb command creates all its work files and directories in
${TMPDIR}/pgcopydb, and defaults to/tmp/pgcopydb.
Examples
Let’s export the Postgres databases connection strings to make it easy to re-use them all along:
$ export PGCOPYDB_SOURCE_PGURI="port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader"
$ export PGCOPYDB_TARGET_PGURI="port=54311 dbname=plop"
Now, first dump the schema:
$ pgcopydb dump schema
15:24:24 75511 INFO Removing the stale pid file "/tmp/pgcopydb/pgcopydb.pid"
15:24:24 75511 WARN Directory "/tmp/pgcopydb" already exists: removing it entirely
15:24:24 75511 INFO Dumping database from "port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader"
15:24:24 75511 INFO Dumping database into directory "/tmp/pgcopydb"
15:24:24 75511 INFO Using pg_dump for Postgres "12.9" at "/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/12/bin/pg_dump"
15:24:24 75511 INFO /Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/12/bin/pg_dump -Fc --section pre-data --file /tmp/pgcopydb/schema/pre.dump 'port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader'
15:24:25 75511 INFO /Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/12/bin/pg_dump -Fc --section post-data --file /tmp/pgcopydb/schema/post.dump 'port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader'
Now restore the pre-data schema on the target database, cleaning up the already existing objects if any, which allows running this test scenario again and again. It might not be what you want to do in your production target instance though!
PGCOPYDB_DROP_IF_EXISTS=on pgcopydb restore pre-data --no-owner
15:24:29 75591 INFO Removing the stale pid file "/tmp/pgcopydb/pgcopydb.pid"
15:24:29 75591 INFO Restoring database from "/tmp/pgcopydb"
15:24:29 75591 INFO Restoring database into "port=54311 dbname=plop"
15:24:29 75591 INFO Using pg_restore for Postgres "12.9" at "/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/12/bin/pg_restore"
15:24:29 75591 INFO /Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/12/bin/pg_restore --dbname 'port=54311 dbname=plop' --clean --if-exists --no-owner /tmp/pgcopydb/schema/pre.dump
Then copy the data over:
$ pgcopydb copy table-data --resume --not-consistent
15:24:36 75688 INFO [SOURCE] Copying database from "port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader"
15:24:36 75688 INFO [TARGET] Copying database into "port=54311 dbname=plop"
15:24:36 75688 INFO Removing the stale pid file "/tmp/pgcopydb/pgcopydb.pid"
15:24:36 75688 INFO STEP 3: copy data from source to target in sub-processes
15:24:36 75688 INFO Listing ordinary tables in "port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader"
15:24:36 75688 INFO Fetched information for 56 tables
...
Step Connection Duration Concurrency
--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Dump Schema source 0ms 1
Prepare Schema target 0ms 1
COPY, INDEX, CONSTRAINTS, VACUUM (wall clock) both 0ms 4 + 4
COPY (cumulative) both 1s140 4
CREATE INDEX (cumulative) target 0ms 4
Finalize Schema target 0ms 1
--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Total Wall Clock Duration both 2s143 4 + 4
--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------
And now create the indexes on the target database, using the index definitions from the source database:
$ pgcopydb copy indexes --resume --not-consistent
15:24:40 75918 INFO [SOURCE] Copying database from "port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader"
15:24:40 75918 INFO [TARGET] Copying database into "port=54311 dbname=plop"
15:24:40 75918 INFO Removing the stale pid file "/tmp/pgcopydb/pgcopydb.pid"
15:24:40 75918 INFO STEP 4: create indexes in parallel
15:24:40 75918 INFO Listing ordinary tables in "port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader"
15:24:40 75918 INFO Fetched information for 56 tables
15:24:40 75930 INFO Creating 2 indexes for table "csv"."partial"
15:24:40 75922 INFO Creating 1 index for table "csv"."track"
15:24:40 75931 INFO Creating 1 index for table "err"."errors"
15:24:40 75928 INFO Creating 1 index for table "csv"."blocks"
15:24:40 75925 INFO Creating 1 index for table "public"."track_full"
15:24:40 76037 INFO CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS partial_b_idx ON csv.partial USING btree (b);
15:24:40 76036 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS track_pkey ON csv.track USING btree (trackid);
15:24:40 76035 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS partial_a_key ON csv.partial USING btree (a);
15:24:40 76038 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS errors_pkey ON err.errors USING btree (a);
15:24:40 75987 INFO Creating 1 index for table "public"."xzero"
15:24:40 75969 INFO Creating 1 index for table "public"."csv_escape_mode"
15:24:40 75985 INFO Creating 1 index for table "public"."udc"
15:24:40 75965 INFO Creating 1 index for table "public"."allcols"
15:24:40 75981 INFO Creating 1 index for table "public"."serial"
15:24:40 76039 INFO CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS blocks_ip4r_idx ON csv.blocks USING gist (iprange);
15:24:40 76040 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS track_full_pkey ON public.track_full USING btree (trackid);
15:24:40 75975 INFO Creating 1 index for table "public"."nullif"
15:24:40 76046 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS xzero_pkey ON public.xzero USING btree (a);
15:24:40 76048 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS udc_pkey ON public.udc USING btree (b);
15:24:40 76047 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS csv_escape_mode_pkey ON public.csv_escape_mode USING btree (id);
15:24:40 76049 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS allcols_pkey ON public.allcols USING btree (a);
15:24:40 76052 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS nullif_pkey ON public."nullif" USING btree (id);
15:24:40 76050 INFO CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS serial_pkey ON public.serial USING btree (a);
Step Connection Duration Concurrency
--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Dump Schema source 0ms 1
Prepare Schema target 0ms 1
COPY, INDEX, CONSTRAINTS, VACUUM (wall clock) both 0ms 4 + 4
COPY (cumulative) both 619ms 4
CREATE INDEX (cumulative) target 1s023 4
Finalize Schema target 0ms 1
--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Total Wall Clock Duration both 400ms 4 + 4
--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Now re-create the constraints (primary key, unique constraints) from the source database schema into the target database:
$ pgcopydb copy constraints --resume --not-consistent
15:24:43 76095 INFO [SOURCE] Copying database from "port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader"
15:24:43 76095 INFO [TARGET] Copying database into "port=54311 dbname=plop"
15:24:43 76095 INFO Removing the stale pid file "/tmp/pgcopydb/pgcopydb.pid"
15:24:43 76095 INFO STEP 4: create constraints
15:24:43 76095 INFO Listing ordinary tables in "port=54311 host=localhost dbname=pgloader"
15:24:43 76095 INFO Fetched information for 56 tables
15:24:43 76099 INFO ALTER TABLE "csv"."track" ADD CONSTRAINT "track_pkey" PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX "track_pkey";
15:24:43 76107 INFO ALTER TABLE "csv"."partial" ADD CONSTRAINT "partial_a_key" UNIQUE USING INDEX "partial_a_key";
15:24:43 76102 INFO ALTER TABLE "public"."track_full" ADD CONSTRAINT "track_full_pkey" PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX "track_full_pkey";
15:24:43 76142 INFO ALTER TABLE "public"."allcols" ADD CONSTRAINT "allcols_pkey" PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX "allcols_pkey";
15:24:43 76157 INFO ALTER TABLE "public"."serial" ADD CONSTRAINT "serial_pkey" PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX "serial_pkey";
15:24:43 76161 INFO ALTER TABLE "public"."xzero" ADD CONSTRAINT "xzero_pkey" PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX "xzero_pkey";
15:24:43 76146 INFO ALTER TABLE "public"."csv_escape_mode" ADD CONSTRAINT "csv_escape_mode_pkey" PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX "csv_escape_mode_pkey";
15:24:43 76154 INFO ALTER TABLE "public"."nullif" ADD CONSTRAINT "nullif_pkey" PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX "nullif_pkey";
15:24:43 76159 INFO ALTER TABLE "public"."udc" ADD CONSTRAINT "udc_pkey" PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX "udc_pkey";
15:24:43 76108 INFO ALTER TABLE "err"."errors" ADD CONSTRAINT "errors_pkey" PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX "errors_pkey";
Step Connection Duration Concurrency
--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Dump Schema source 0ms 1
Prepare Schema target 0ms 1
COPY, INDEX, CONSTRAINTS, VACUUM (wall clock) both 0ms 4 + 4
COPY (cumulative) both 605ms 4
CREATE INDEX (cumulative) target 1s023 4
Finalize Schema target 0ms 1
--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Total Wall Clock Duration both 415ms 4 + 4
--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ------------
The next step is a VACUUM ANALYZE on each table that’s been just filled-in with the data, and for that we can just use the vacuumdb command from Postgres:
$ vacuumdb --analyze --dbname "$PGCOPYDB_TARGET_PGURI" --jobs 4
vacuumdb: vacuuming database "plop"
Finally we can restore the post-data section of the schema:
$ pgcopydb restore post-data --resume --not-consistent
15:24:50 76328 INFO Removing the stale pid file "/tmp/pgcopydb/pgcopydb.pid"
15:24:50 76328 INFO Restoring database from "/tmp/pgcopydb"
15:24:50 76328 INFO Restoring database into "port=54311 dbname=plop"
15:24:50 76328 INFO Using pg_restore for Postgres "12.9" at "/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/12/bin/pg_restore"
15:24:50 76328 INFO /Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/12/bin/pg_restore --dbname 'port=54311 dbname=plop' --use-list /tmp/pgcopydb/schema/post.list /tmp/pgcopydb/schema/post.dump